Mutual fund is a professionally managed scheme wherein they pool money from different numerous investors to be invested in bonds, stocks & other securities. Your investments done through MFs are safe as all the mutual fund operators are registered
with SEBI & work within framework created to protect the investors.
Advantages Of Investing In Mutual Funds
Mutual funds have become a very popular investment option in
India and this trend still continues with new funds and schemes being introduced in the market regularly. Some of the key reasons why people invest in mutual funds are outlined below.
Professional management: Mutual funds are managed by fund managers of asset
management companies. These managers employ their investment expertise to
minimize risks and maximize returns to investors. Individuals often find it
difficult to decide which assets to invest their savings in due to lack of financial
knowledge.
Diversification of risks: Since mutual funds invest in a number of
securities, risk is diversified. The chances of all stocks performing badly at
the same time is low. Losses suffered on some stocks are offset by gains made
on others. This leads to minimization of risks.
Affordable investment option: For those who don’t have sizeable amounts to
invest in direct equity or other instruments that require a high initial
investment, mutual funds make for an affordable investment avenue. Also,
transaction costs are spread out over a number of investors thereby lowering
individual costs.
Focused investments: All mutual funds feature schemes clearly specifying
which assets are targeted for investments, allowing investors to direct savings
to different asset classes in an organised and focused manner. It also gives
investors access to certain securities otherwise unavailable to them e.g.
foreign sectors or foreign securities which cannot be invested in by
individuals.
Choice of assets: There are various types of funds e.g. equity funds,
debt funds, money market funds, hybrid funds, sector funds, regional funds,
fund of funds, index funds etc. giving investors a wide range of choice.
Easy purchase and redemption: Fund units can be easily bought and sold at
prevailing unit prices or NAVs. Unless there’s a lock-in period, it is easy for
investors to buy into or out of a fund thereby providing liquidity.
Tax benefits: A number of funds/schemes have been designed to act as
tax-saving instruments e.g. ELSS or equity linked saving schemes. Investments
made in these schemes qualify for income tax deductions.
High returns: Mutual funds have been known to provide good returns on
medium and long-term investments since investors can diversify risk to enhance
overall returns.
Regulated investments: All funds come under the purview of SEBI (Securities
Exchange Board of India) which ensures dealings are as per regulations. This
provides an element of safety to investments made.
Easy to track: It can be hard for investors to regularly review their
investment portfolios. Mutual funds provide clear statements of all investments
which makes it easy for investors to keep a tab on. Hybrid or balanced funds
provide investors an avenue to access both equity and debt funds at one go in a
proportion of choice.
SIP options: Systematic Investment Plans let individuals invest
small amounts on a regular basis to avail benefits of rupee cost averaging.
It’s an alternative to those who cannot invest lump sum amounts thereby
appealing to investors across income levels. Mutual funds accept initial
investments as low as Rs.500.
Flexibility through fund switching: Many funds offer investors flexibility by letting
investors switch between schemes or between funds to avail better returns
Unique terms
There
are some terms unique to mutual funds which investors should be aware about.
· Fund Units or Shares - Investments in a mutual fund are made by buying units or shares of a particular fund. The more the units bought the higher the investment.
· Net Asset Value - This is the unit price or price per share of the fund. The NAV of a fund changes depending on the fund’s performance. Units are purchased or sold/redeemed at the prevailing NAV or unit price at the time of purchase/sale.
· Lock-in Period - Certain funds stipulate a period during which units cannot be sold i.e. investors cannot liquidate their investment during this period. If allowed, it is subject to a penalty or loss of benefits.
· Offer document - This is a formal document that outlines the basic features of the fund. The objective of the fund and the asset classes that the fund will invest in is mentioned in the offer document. It also contains terms and conditions of the fund and other details such as who will manage the fund, risk factors, the fund’s performance history and other financials. Investors should read the offer document carefully before investing in a fund.
· Assets Under Management (AUM): This refers to the total market value of funds being managed by a mutual fund company.
· Expense Ratio: This indicates the expenses incurred by the fund in relation to the total assets.
· New Fund Offer (NFO): New fund offers are new funds/schemes launched in the market by an AMC. Investors can buy units of these new funds at the offer price, which is usually very low. Subsequent purchases in these funds will have to be made at prevailing NAVs.
· Redemption: This is when fund units are sold/transferred/cancelled.